Oklahoma State Assessment Test (OSAT) Early Childhood Education Practice Test

During which developmental stage do children primarily grapple with autonomy vs shame?

1. Birth to 18 months

2. 3 to 5 years

3. 18 months to 3 years

4. 6 to 12 years

The correct answer is: 18 months to 3 years

The correct answer is the stage from 18 months to 3 years, which aligns with Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. During this period, children are focused on developing a sense of personal autonomy. They begin to assert their independence by exploring their environment, making choices, and engaging in self-care activities like potty training. This is a critical time for toddlers as they test their limits and seek to gain control over their actions. If children experience overprotection or harsh criticism during this stage, they may develop feelings of shame and doubt regarding their abilities. Successful navigation of this conflict fosters confidence and a sense of autonomy, while failure can lead to a lack of self-esteem and difficulties in asserting themselves as they grow. Understanding this stage helps educators and caregivers provide supportive environments that encourage autonomy while ensuring children feel secure and capable.